The Entire World Art History Timeline and Important Artists and Eras
The history of art is the academic schoolhouse of study based on fine art and its developmental history besides as stylistic context (format, blueprint, wait, genre). This includes big forms such as architecture as well as small-scale forms such as decorative objects.
Art history tin can exist studied many means and is broken downwards into multiple coexisting disciplines. Factions include but are not limited to connoisseurs, critics, and academic art historians.
Prehistoric Fine art
Prehistoric art comprises of all craft that are produced in cultures that lack the development of written language and record-keeping. Art from a culture progresses from existence described every bit prehistoric when information technology either develops writing and tape-keeping or has established significant connection with some other civilisation that has.
Ancient Near East
The development of art in the ancient world societies would be characteristically unlike than it was in prehistoric societies. Textbook art history in the ancient near e would include art of Mesopotamian, Sumerian, Akkadian, Neo-Sumerian, Babylonian, Hittite, Elamite, Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Achaemid, Farsi, and Sassanian societies.
Ancient Egyptian Art
This art category includes art that belong to the civilization located in Nile Valley from 5000 BC to 300 AD. Egyptian artwork was very stylized and symbolic in this catamenia, with painting and sculpture beingness the well-nigh pop art. The quality of Egyptian art throughout the ancient period was observed to be of high quality, and remained quite stable throughout 3000 BC to 300 AD with little influence from outside cultures.
Greek Fine art
Greek art mainly specialized in architecture and sculpture. Greek art influenced both the West and the Due east. Not only did fine art in the Roman Empire depict Greek influence, but to the Eastward, Alexander the Great's conquests facilitated centuries of contact betwixt Indian, Central Asian, and Greek cultures. Greco-Buddhism fine art was one legacy of this interaction. The highly technical expectations of the Greeks would influence art in Europe for many generations. In the nineteenth century, Greek art traditions dominated the entire western art globe.
Roman Art
Roman fine art spans Aboriginal Rome equally well equally the territories of the Roman Empire. While Roman art is believed to take borrowed from Greek art (which it did rely on quite heavily), it too contains elements from Etruscan, Egyptian, and native Italic culture. A prominent historian of Rome, Pliny, wrote that while many art forms advanced during Greek times remained more advanced than Roman art even during Rome's prominent periods.
Early Christian Art
Early on Christian art specifies the artwork produced by Christians in the time frame 100-500. Art before 100 could not be distinguished every bit Christian without doubt. Beyond 500, art by Christians portrayed elements of Byzantine art.
Christian art was difficult to rail. One of the reasons is that most Christians were persecuted and were restricted from producing works of art. They may also consisted of lower classes, which is reflected by the lack of patronage for fine art creation. Aside from that, scriptural restrictions disapproved of production of carved wood or stone in the form of an idol. Christians may have bought infidel symbols, only transferred Christians credo into them.
Byzantine Fine art
Byzantine art refers to art created in the territories of the Byzantine Empire betwixt the fourth and fifteenth centuries. The Byzantine Empire was the political continuation of the Roman Empire, and therefore the classical creative heritage is carried on through Byzantine fine art. Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, was adorned with big amounts of classical sculptures.
The most prominent feature of Byzantine art was that it became more than abstract, favoring symbolism rather than realistic representations.
Art in Early Europe
This category includes fine art from European and Germanic societies before the Christianization of Europe. Some of these include Scythian, Celtic, Iron-Historic period European, Ango-Saxon, and Viking societies.
Islamic Art
This category encompasses art produced in the 7th century and onwards past people residing in places inhabited or ruled by culturally Islamic populations. Islamic art does not necessarily include only religious art. Information technology also includes elements from other aspects of Islamic society. Some Islamic theologians actively discouraged secular elements in art.
Islamic art includes the extensive use of decorated calligraphy and the use of arabesque, the geometrical repetition of vegetal or floral designs.
Early Medieval Fine art
Art from Medieval times were mostly religious in focus, funded by influential Church building figures such equally bishops, abbeys, or wealthy secular patrons. A distinguishing element of Medieval art concerns the lack of realism. With the collapse of the Roman Empire came the loss of the knowledge of realism and perspective drawing. Despite this, art was used during this era to convey religious ideology, and iconic art was oftentimes sufficient for such a job.
Gothic Art
Gothic fine art followed from a Medieval art progression that grew out of French republic from the Romanesque art tradition in the mid-twelfth century, spearheaded by the development of Gothic architecture. Information technology grew pop due north of the Alps only never quite overtook Italian classical styles. International Gothic developed in the late fourteenth century, developing further until the late fifteenth century. Late Gothic art grew in Germany besides as many areas well into the sixteenth century. Prominent Gothic art include panel-painting, sculpture, illuminated manuscript, fresco, and stained glass.
Renaissance Art in Italy
Early Renaissance fine art emerged in the Italian city-land of Florence. Information technology began with Donatello and his revival of classical techniques such as contrapposto and subjects such every bit the unsupported nude. Many artists came after him, studying lost ideas such as Roman architecture. A large count of major artists, such as Brunelleschi, Donatello, Giotto, and Lorenzo Ghiberti worked on the Florence Cathedral.
In the fifteenth century Renaissance art progressed further, being termed the High Renaissance by the sixteenth century. Prominent artists from this era include Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo Buonarroti, and Raffaello Sanzio. While there are no distinct "Renaissance" styles per se during this flow, art by High Renaissance masters are all characterized by astounding technical skill. High Renaissance art commanded such authority that they would be used as reference for teaching for many generations to come. Artists could declare divine inspiration, raising the level of art to a condition formerly limited to poetry. Artistry would become a respectable profession that it had not been.
Renaissance Art Outside Italy
Renaissance art exterior Italy is oft referred to as Northern Renaissance, which is refers to the fact that most of Europe outside of Italy is due north of information technology. The realism in art respected in Italia did not influence the North until the late fifteenth century. Gothic influence remained popular even until the onset of Baroque styles. Many northern artists in the sixteenth century travelled to Rome for inspiration, of which often they establish in High Renaissance fine art.
While Italian painters were more partial to Greco-Roman styles, Germanic and Netherlandish art tended to be more religious and mythological in nature. Northern Renaissance art also specialized in genre and landscape painting.
Baroque Art
Baroque art grew during the 17th and 18th centuries. Information technology is considered role of the Counter-Reformation, the movement which sought to reconfigure the Catholic Church building as a response to the Protestant Reformation. Bizarre art placed dandy accent on high item and overly ornate decorations. It would develop into Rococo in the mid-18th century, which was fifty-fifty more richly decorated and gaudy. Contempt for such ornateness would somewhen inspire Neoclassicism.
18th Century Art
18th century fine art includes late Baroque in the early 18th century, Rococo in the mid-18th century, Neo-Classicism in the 18th to 19th century, and Romanticism in the late 18th and 19th century. The styles of Baroque and Rococo were highly ornate, and artists of these styles often served kings. Rococo which came after Baroque quickly fell out of favor when Louis Xiv passed away. Disgust for him amid artists and the public paved the way for the development of Neoclassicism.
Neoclassicists sought to revert to the simpler art of the Renaissance out of their distaste for the grandeur of Baroque and Rococo styles. Some of the most renowned neoclassicists include Canova, Ingres, and Jacques-Louis David.
Romanticism grew out of a certain group of individuals' rejection of Enlightenment ideas and the fine art of Neoclassicists. Romantic art focused on the utilization of motion and color to convey emotions, as opposed to the classicist apply of Greco-Roman mythology and traditions. Romanticism emphasized portraying the dazzler and power of nature.
19th Century Fine art
Fine art in the 19th century began with the continuation of Neo-classicism and Romanticism into the mid-century. Later on that, a new nomenclature of art became popular: modernism. The engagement 1863 is commonly identified equally the beginning of modern art; information technology was the year that Edouard Manet exhibited the painting "Le dejeuner sur l'herbe" in Paris. This is not to say that he is the father of modern art, withal, as there were many others also who embarked towards new styles which would all constitute the fine art period known equally modernism.
20th Century Fine art
20th century art came to be known equally modernism, which began in the 19th century. Movements such as Post Impressionism and Art Nouveau from the previous century led to Die Brucke in Germany as well equally Fauvism in French republic. The heart of Die Brucke led to what was called Expressionism which chosen for the emotions. Kandinsky of Munich led another German grouping called the Der Blaue Reiter, which associated the blue rider imagery with spiritual/mystical art of the future. Cubism by Picasso rejected the plastic ideas of the Renaissance by introducing multiple dimensions to 2 dimensional images.
Contemporary Fine art
Contemporary art is nigh unremarkably associated with produced since Globe War II. Exhibitions of gimmicky art are typically at museums and other similar art institutions. These places are artist-run and are supported by the likes of awards, grants, prizes, and direct sales of exhibited works.
Contemporary fine art institutions are often criticized for their exclusivist behaviors, or more specifically, their tendencies to regulate what can or cannot be considered contemporary art. Outsider art, technically contemporary because they are created in nowadays times, might be largely ignored past contemporary fine art institutions because the artists are cocky-taught and are therefore working beyond any fine art historical context.
Prints/Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of creating fine art through printing (typically on paper). Printmaking differs from photography in that it contains an chemical element of original production, every bit opposed to the reproduction of an image, as in photography. Each impress is made to exist a unique copy with original qualities lent by the processes of printmaking, which is in contrast to photography in which one copy tin can be made in many multiples.
Prints are done past transferring ink from premade screens or matrices to newspaper medium. Examples of matrices are copper or zinc plates, polymer plates for etching and engraving; aluminum, rock, or polymer for lithography; wooden blocks for wood engravings and woodcuts; and linoleum for linocuts.
Photography
Photography is the process of creating pictures by allowing radiations to burn on a radiation-sensitive film or image sensors. During the twentieth century people started to advocate and accept photography as fine arts. In the U.Southward., photographers such as Edward Steichen, John Szarkowski, Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Weston, and F. Holland Solar day spent their lives promoting photography every bit a fine arts. This resulted in a movement called Pictorialism, using soft foci for dream-like and romantic-looking photographs. A reaction to this was the advocation of straight photography, which was to photograph objects as they were and not as imitations or representations of other things.
Chinese Art
Art in China dates back as far back as x,000 BC, comprising of sculptures and simple pottery. Following this menstruation was a serial of art dynasties, each lasting equally long as a few hundred years. Fine art in the Democracy of Communist china in Taiwan and other overseas Chinese communities can be considered Chinese art because they originate from the civilization and heritage of Cathay.
Japanese Art
Japanese art has a long history, starting as early as 10,000 BC all the way until the present. It ranges a variety of styles, including aboriginal pottery, wooden and bronze sculpture, and inked silk or paper. Modern Japanese art too includes manga, or cartoon.
Historically Japan was vulnerable to sudden onsets of novel and alien ideas, only to exist followed by long-lasting eras of isolation and minimal contact with the world exterior Nihon. Over time the Japanese absorbed and assimilated elements of strange cultures with their own indigenous artful tastes. In the 7th and eighth centuries Japan developed complex fine art with the spread of Buddhism. In the ninth century, Japan started to rely less on Chinese influence and developed indigenous art forms. Secular art started to flourish more and more. Until the tardily fifteenth century both religious and secular art were popular. Withal, with the Onin State of war, Japan came under a century of economic, political, and social turmoil. Later that, with the emergence of the Tokugawa shogunate state came the decline of religion, and the surviving arts became largely secular.
Art in India
Indian art originates from India in the 3000 BC, ranging towards present time. Compared to Western art, Indian art is more ornate and sensuous. Potent design is characteristic of Indian fine art both in ancient and modern times.
Indian fine art is typically categorized into 4 specific periods:
-Ancient (3500 BC – 1200 Advertising)
-Islamic ascendancy (1192-1757)
-Colonial (1757-1947)
-Independence and postcolonial (post-1947)
Art in Southeast Asia
Southeast Asian art is associated with the geographical surface area that includes modern Thailand, Lao people's democratic republic, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar (formerly Burma), Singapore, Indonesia, and Malaysia. All these areas are also collectively known as Indochina. Influences come up primarily from China, Republic of india, and indigenous cultures. Of all the Southeast Asian countries, Vietnam has the nigh influence from Chinese culture. In many Southeast Asian cultures, Hindu influence is retained despite Islamic conversion.
African Art
Art of Africa constitutes i of the most diverse creations, owing to the large amounts of independent societies and civilizations, each with its own artistic culture. African fine art likewise includes art by African Disporas, such as African Americans. Characteristics mutual to most art from African culture include: emphasis on human forms, visual abstraction (every bit opposed to naturalistic representation), sculpture emphasis, three-dimensional qualities, and nonlinear scaling.
Art in the Americas
Fine art history in the Americas began in pre-Columbian times with indigenous cultures. This category refers to arts by indigenous peoples in the Americas from ancient times to present twenty-four hour period. The indigenous peoples referred to include those of Southward America, Meso America, and North America, including Greenland.
Fine art of Pacific Cultures
Art of Pacific cultures refers to those from the oceanic regions of present day Commonwealth of australia, Melanesia, Federated states of micronesia, and Polynesia, including areas as far as Hawaii and Easter Island. Fine art from these peoples vary throughout different regions and cultures. Themes of the supernatural and fertility are the nearly common. Masks, tattoos, painting, petroglyphs, rock and forest carving, and fabric are the near common fine art forms.
Source: https://totallyhistory.com/art-history/